Four regions of the lumbar spine, as divided by Lee et al.: zone 1, the  - Download Scientific Diagram

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Together, they enhance the defense of the back cable and roots. The dura is the most superficial however durable layer. The pia and arachnoid, together termed the leptomeninges, are frail. The back cord, roots, and nerve rootlets are carefully invested by the pia. The dura and arachnoid together form a loose sheath (termed dural/thecal sac) around these structures, separated from the canal walls by the epidural area.

The external surface area is rough and blends with loose connective tissue in the epidural area. The internal surface, dealing with into the subdural area, is smooth and covered by a layer of mesothelium. Inferiorly, the dural sac ends at the sacral canal, typically at S2-S3 (often S1). The dura continues caudally as a fibrous thread named the filum terminale externum or coccygeal ligament, which blends with the PLL over the coccyx.

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Connective tissue insinuates the foramen anchor the dural sleeves so that they can safeguard the spinal nerve roots from being extended during L-spine motions. In addition to these tetherings, the dura is attached in places to the PLL. Epidural area The epidural (peridural/extradural) area ends inferiorly at the sacral hiatus, where it is sealed by the posterior sacrococcygeal ligaments.

The whole space is inhabited by loose connective tissue with variable fat material, offering padding around the dural sac and spine and acting as a kind to hold the thin internal vertebral plexus of veins open. The vertebral venous plexus is embedded in the epidural loose connective tissue, often transmitting big quantities of blood.

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A layer of mesothelium covers all leptomeningeal surfaces bathed by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).  Source  and extends into the dural sleeves. It likewise sends out trabeculae across the subarachnoid space to the pia, facilitating CSF mixing. Along the posterior midline, the trabeculae form a distinct subarachnoid septum.

The pia mater offers support for the vasculature and nerves in the subarachnoid area. It adheres thoroughly to the spinal cord. The pia forms a separate sheath for each nerve rootlet and root as far laterally as the foramen, mixing with the epineurium. Caudally, the pia continues as the thin filum terminale internum.